Getting Started
Figs (Ficus carica) are traditionally associated with warm, Mediterranean climates, but with the right variety selection and proper care, gardeners in USDA Zones 6 and below can also enjoy homegrown figs. Cold-hardy fig varieties, combined with effective winter protection techniques, make it possible to cultivate these delicious fruits in cooler climates. In this guide, we will explore how to successfully grow and maintain fig trees in cold regions.
Selecting Cold-Hardy Fig Varieties
Not all fig trees can withstand cold winters, but some varieties have adapted to survive and even thrive in USDA Zones 6 and below. At TheAmericanFigCompany.com all of the varieties we carry are grown in the ground in zone 6. So you can rest assured when you order from us that they will serve you well. Here are some of the best choices, for more varieties click here:
1. Chicago Hardy Fig
- USDA Zones: 5-10
- Description: This highly resilient variety is known for its ability to withstand temperatures down to -10°F. It produces sweet, medium-sized figs with dark purple skin and a rich, jammy interior.
- Growth Habit: It can be grown as a bush or small tree and often resprouts from the roots after winter dieback.
2. Brown Turkey Fig
- USDA Zones: 6-10
- Description: This popular variety produces abundant, mild-flavored figs with brownish-purple skin and a pinkish interior. It is cold-tolerant but benefits from winter protection in Zone 6 and below.
- Growth Habit: Can reach 10-12 feet but is often pruned for easier maintenance.
3. Celeste Fig
- USDA Zones: 6-9
- Description: Known for its rich flavor, the Celeste fig produces small, sweet fruits with a light brown to purplish skin.
- Growth Habit: A naturally smaller tree that adapts well to container growing.
4. Violette de Bordeaux Fig
- USDA Zones: 6-9
- Description: This gourmet fig produces small, dark purple fruits with a deep red, flavorful interior.
- Growth Habit: Compact growth makes it an excellent choice for containers.
5. Petite Negra Fig
- USDA Zones: 6-9
- Description: A dwarf variety that produces delicious figs at an early age.
- Growth Habit: Perfect for small spaces and container growing.
6. Texas Everbearing Fig
- USDA Zones: 6-10
- Description: Produces medium to large figs with a whitish-amber exterior and sweet amber flesh. Notably, it exudes a drop of resin at the eye, making it more resistant to insects and souring after rain.
- Growth Habit: Can be grown as a bush or small tree, often resprouting from the roots after winter dieback.
7. Longue D'Aout Fig
- USDA Zones: 6-10
- Description: Known for its elongated, teardrop-shaped fruit with vibrant green skin and deep red pulp. Offers a sweet, rich taste with subtle berry notes.
- Growth Habit: Vigorous growth, adaptable to various training forms, including espalier.
8. LSU Purple Fig
- USDA Zones: 7-10
- Description: Developed by Louisiana State University, this variety produces medium-sized, sweet figs with a reddish-purple skin and strawberry-colored flesh.
- Growth Habit: Compact and productive, suitable for container growing, which allows for easier winter protection in colder zones.
9. Negronne Fig
- USDA Zones: 6-9
- Description: A dwarf variety prized for its exceptionally sweet and richly flavored fruit. Features striking dark purple, almost black skin, and vibrant red flesh.
- Growth Habit: Compact size makes it ideal for small gardens or container cultivation.
10. Golden Honey Fig
- USDA Zones: 6-10
- Description: Notable for its golden-hued fruit with a honey-like flavor. Demonstrates significant cold tolerance, making it suitable for cultivation in USDA Zone 6.
- Growth Habit: Manageable size suitable for small to medium garden spaces; responds well to pruning and can be grown in containers.
Microclimates for Growing Figs
Microclimates play a crucial role in successfully growing figs in colder regions. A microclimate is a localized climate within a specific area that differs from the surrounding conditions. By utilizing microclimates, gardeners can provide fig trees with a slightly warmer and more favorable environment, helping them survive harsh winters.
1. Identifying Microclimates in Your Garden
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South-Facing Walls or Fences: These structures absorb heat during the day and release it at night, providing a warmer microclimate.
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Near Buildings: Planting fig trees close to a house, garage, or shed can offer wind protection and radiant heat.
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Low-Lying Areas vs. Elevated Spots: Avoid frost pockets, which are low-lying areas where cold air settles. Instead, plant figs in slightly elevated locations for better air circulation.
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Paved Surfaces: Driveways, sidewalks, and patios retain heat and can help maintain a warmer root environment for potted fig trees.
2. Creating Microclimates
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Use Mulch: Applying a thick layer of organic mulch around the base of the fig tree helps retain soil warmth and moisture.
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Wind Barriers: Installing windbreaks such as hedges, fences, or burlap screens can protect fig trees from cold, drying winds.
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Row Covers or Cloches: Temporary structures like plastic row covers or cloches can trap heat and shield trees from frost.
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Heat-Trapping Materials: Rocks, bricks, and water barrels placed near the tree can absorb heat during the day and radiate it at night.
3. Container Growing for Microclimate Control
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Growing figs in containers allows you to move the trees to a more protected location during extreme cold spells.
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Placing containers on wheeled plant caddies makes it easier to relocate them to sunny, sheltered areas.
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Overwintering potted figs in a garage, basement, or greenhouse can further protect them from freezing temperatures.
By understanding and utilizing microclimates, gardeners in USDA Zones 6 and below can significantly improve their success in growing fig trees despite colder conditions.
Pruning Techniques for Cold-Hardy Fig Trees
Pruning is a critical practice for fig trees, especially in colder regions, as it enhances tree health, encourages robust fruit production, and aids in managing the tree's size for winter protection. Also fig trees main crop is on their new growth every year.
1. Initial Pruning at Planting
- Purpose: Establish a strong framework and promote a healthy root system.
- Method: Upon planting a young fig tree, prune approximately 50% of the branches. This significant cutback directs the plant's energy towards root development, essential for stability and nutrient uptake.
2. Annual Dormant Pruning
- Timing: Late winter to early spring, during the tree's dormant phase, is ideal for pruning.
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Steps:
- Remove Dead or Diseased Wood: Eliminate any branches that are dead, diseased, or damaged to prevent pest infestations and diseases.
- Thin Out Crowded Areas: Ensure adequate air circulation by removing branches that cross or rub against each other. This practice reduces the risk of fungal diseases.
- Increase Fruit Yield: Your fig trees main crop will come on the new growth, so it is actually beneficial to prune it to just a couple inches off the ground even if some of the branches survive the winter.
3. Summer Pruning
- Purpose: Control excessive growth and improve sunlight penetration.
- Method: Lightly trim new growth in mid-summer to maintain the desired shape and prevent the tree from becoming too dense.
There You Have It!
Growing cold-hardy figs in USDA Zones 6 and below requires careful variety selection, strategic planting, and proper winter protection. However, with dedication and the right techniques, you can enjoy fresh, homegrown figs even in chilly climates. Whether planting in the ground with protective measures or growing figs in containers for easy overwintering, these strategies will help ensure a successful fig harvest year after year.
Have you tried growing figs in a cold climate? Share your experiences and tips in the comments below!